Recent studies have now shown that an inert polymer is less favorable to basic titanium implants in that there is “fibrous encapsulation” of the PEEK implants because it is an inert material and the body sees it as foreign material (Rene Olivares-Navarrete et.al; SPINE 40, 6, 399-404). Surgeons have foregone the visualization and modulus of elasticity benefits of plain PEEK for a “negatively charged” surface of titanium.